EUROPEM - Services for Improving Efficiency and Reducing Costs for Process Industries

Utility Flares (Pipe Flares) are the most basic flare design available, to provide a robust, reliable and flexible solution for the flaring of large volumes of low pressure waste gas when smokeless operation is either not required or can be achieved without an assisting medium (like steam, air or gas). Reliable operation at both full load and partial load is possible. Key features Flame holders fitted on the periphery of the flare tip ensure stable operation. These flame holders provide a zone of recirculated flue gases, which prevent flame lift off, from the flare tip. Wind deflectors to prevent flame impingement, which prevent a low pressure zone, downwind of the tip. Pilot burner arrangement to further stabilise the flame. Use of high grade alloys to enhance lifetime of the flare tip Use of dynamic seal to reduce purge gas requirements and prevent flash back. Key advantages Low investment and operational costs Low maintenance costs with the use of high grade alloys and the robust design. Reliable and stable flaring in a wide range of operating conditions Large turn-down ratio Applications Upstream oil & gas sector LNG terminals and NG compression stations Chemical and petrochemical industries including refineries Food processing industries Municipal solid waste treatment (biogas and landfill gas) plants Temperature controlled combustors and thermal oxidisers.

Air assisted flares enable the smokeless combustion of low pressure waste gases. Air (or Gas) assisted flares can be used when no steam is available on site. Air assisted flares use forced draft Air or Gas to create turbulence ensuring that sufficient primary combustion air is supplied to the flame. The amount of air and hence the size of the tip and riser depend on the degree of smokeless operation required and the maximum flow for smokeless operation. Key features Proprietary design to maximize the mixing of waste gas and air streams and to create turbulence in the combustion zone. Variable speed fans, to supply the optimal amount of Air (Gas) Use of wind deflectors if required, to prevent flame impingement Flame holders around the periphery of the flare tip to ensure stable operation. Use of high grade alloys to enhance lifetime of the flare tip. The use of combustion/mixing air to cool the flare tip and thus enhance its lifetime Key advantages Smokeless operation under a wide range of operating conditions Smokeless flaring of high molecular weight gases Air cooling of the flare tip, resulting in longer lifetime and lower operation and maintenance costs Reduced radiant heat for a given capacity Applications Upstream oil & gas sector Chemical and petrochemical industries including refineries Tank farms and terminals Pipeline transport LNG and NG terminals and compressor stations

Flare Systems Since the 1980’s, key staff of Europem have been responsible for the design, fabrication, installation, commissioning and maintenance of numerous flare systems including some of the most stringent and demanding applications. Europem’s extensive experience in flare design has resulted in a comprehensive range of elevated and ground flare systems and ancillaries to cover the needs of all major industries. Low and High Pressure Utility (Pipe) Flares Air assisted Flares Steam assisted Flares Gas assisted Flares Sonic Flares Speciality flares for Ammonia, H2S, LNG and lean waste gas Mobile Flare systems – for purchase, lease or rental Venturi Flame Shields protecting the flare from flame lick and improving combustion efficiency Ancillaries such as pilots, ignition systems, pilot detection, KO drums, water seals, molecular seals and conical purge seals Supporting structures including derricks, demountable riser type derricks, guy wire support systems, plus self supporting Flares Enclosed ground flares with single or multiple burners Temperature controlled combustors and thermal oxidisers. Europem aims to be a long term partner to all our clients and provides full aftermarket support for all operation, maintenance and intervention requirements. We can also provide for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment and replacement of any flare system or components and can supply in some cases, rental flares during maintenance interventions.

High Pressure Flares use the actual pressure of the waste gas to create turbulence, entraining combustion air into the base of the flame to obtain smokeless combustion. Europem has a full range of high pressure flares including HP pipe fares, sonic flares and HP assisted flares. HP sonic flares are the ideal solution when low radiation along with smokeless operation are desired. Key features Proprietary design of HP sonic gas nozzle which maximises the entrainment of ambient air into the combustion zone Wind shield placed around the HP gas nozzles to prevent flame pull down Use of high grade alloys to enhance lifetime of the flare tip. Key advantages Smokeless operation at low heat radiation 100% smokeless turn down possible for air assisted HP flares Lower flare stack heights No need for any assist medium A low pressure flare can be integrated with the HP sonic flare to provide both HP and LP gas flaring in a single flare tip. Suitable for smokeless combustion of waste gas with entrained liquids Applications Upstream oil & gas sector Chemical and petrochemical industries including refineries Pipeline transport LNG and NG terminals and compressor stations

Industries will generate Low CV waste gases, which are either difficult to burn or can contain insufficient energy to self-sustain the combustion process. For these applications, Europem developed the proprietary “ring-of-fire” Flare Tip. This tip has a ring of flame around the central waste gas tip thus ensuring complete oxidation of the low calorific waste gas. Both air assisted and non-assisted flare burners are available. Key features Proprietary design of HP sonic gas nozzle which maximises the entrainment of ambient air into the combustion zone Wind shield placed around the HP gas nozzles to prevent flame pull down Use of high grade alloys to enhance lifetime of the flare tip. Key advantages Smokeless operation at low heat radiation 100% smokeless turn down possible for air assisted HP flares Lower flare stack heights No need for any assist medium A low pressure flare can be integrated with the HP sonic flare to provide both HP and LP gas flaring in a single flare tip. Suitable for smokeless combustion of waste gas with entrained liquids Applications Upstream oil & gas sector Chemical and petrochemical industries including refineries Pipeline transport LNG and NG terminals and compressor stations

In addition to the generic flare systems described above, Europem has developed a full range of speciality flares for certain specific applications or industries, which includes Ammonia Flares H2S Flares Sour gas Flares Cryogenic and LNG Flares Biogas and landfill gas Flares Mobile flares, trailer mounted, transportable or free-standing Ring-of-fire flares for waste gas with high CO2 or N2 content. Support Structures The optimal design of flare supporting structures is dependent on many factors, including height, capacity, location, plot size, climatic conditions and riser dimensions. Europem can supply a complete range of support structures for non self supporting flares Guy wire support systems Derrick structures including demountable risers and multi-stage flares and risers Guy wire derrick supported flares.

Europem can supply complete flare systems as well as Flare Tips on their own for replacement or upgrade and refurbishment projects. The following standard Flare Tips are available: EP-PF Pipe Flare EP-EAS External Assist Steam EP-IAS Internal Assists Steam EP-EAS/IAS External/Internal Assist Steam EP-AA Air Assist EP-GA Gas Assist EP-CAA Compressed Air Assist EP-HP-PF High Pressure Pipe Flare EP-HP-MAS High Pressure Multi Arm Sonic EP-MP Multi Point EP-BP Burn Pit Special tailor made Flare Tips can be offered for specific applications. Europem Venturi Flame Shield (VFS) Europem has developed the proprietary Venturi Flame Shield giving double protection against flame lick. The VFS also pushes air up towards tip exit, leading to an enhanced and more stable combustion process. The VFS can be integrated into most Europem Flare Tips but is particularly suitable for H2S flares, ammonia flares, hydrocarbon flares and lean waste gas flares.

Enclosed ground flares are suitable for thermal destruction of a wide range of waste gases including rich and lean gas mixtures. Where the burners are housed in a cylindrical vessel resulting in the combustion process being out of sight and more controllable in comparison to elevated flares. Enclosed ground flares can also be designed with or without temperature control. With temperature control, a minimum residence time, at a specific combustion temperature can be set and guaranteed. Consequently, temperature controlled ground flares, also called combustors or thermal oxidisers, can meet the most stringent emission values. The emissions can be monitored with chemical emission monitoring (CEM) units. Features Can be equipped with Europem’ proprietary Tulip Venturi Burner for the combustion of lean waste gases or with multiple burners designed for the flaring of large capacities (modulated flaring is possible) Operating at varying temperatures depending on the load of the ground flare Smokeless operation and high destruction efficiency by ensuring some turbulence around the flame and sufficient residence time at elevated temperatures Simple control system, because the combustion temperature is allowed to fluctuate Provisions for support fuel in cases of combustion of lean waste gases or cooling air in cases of rich waste gas combustion Can be supplied as natural draft or forced draft system Can be supplied with or without temperature control Advantages No visible flame and reduced visibility of the installation due to lower stack heights Reduced noise levels Minimal heat radiation Possibility for emissions sampling High destruction efficiencies and smokeless operation Applications Tank farms and ship loading terminals Chemical and petrochemical industries Food processing industry Waste management plants

Ground flares can be either natural draft or forced draft, with or without temperature control and can be equipped with a single burner or with multiple burner arrangements: EP-PF Pipe Flare EP-EAS External Assist Steam EP-IAS Internal Assists Steam EP-EAS/IAS External/Internal Assist Steam EP-AA Air Assist EP-GA Gas Assist EP-CAA Compressed Air Assist EP-HP-PF High Pressure Pipe Flare EP-HP-MAS High Pressure Multi Arm Sonic EP-MP Multi Point EP-BP Burn Pit Special tailor made Flare Tips can be offered for specific applications. Europem Venturi Flame Shield (VFS) Europem has developed the proprietary Venturi Flame Shield giving double protection against flame lick. The VFS also pushes air up towards tip exit, leading to an enhanced and more stable combustion process. The VFS can be integrated into most Europem Flare Tips but is particularly suitable for H2S flares, ammonia flares, hydrocarbon flares and lean waste gas flares.

Mobile Flare Systems Many situations call for the use of temporary flare systems e.g. cleaning and inspection of storage tanks and pipeline networks. Also chemical and petrochemical plant revamp projects. For these situations Europem has developed a range of mobile flare systems using either pipe flares or assisted flares. Mobile flare units can be free standing, transported by truck or they are ready mounted on a trailer. Our mobile systems can be supplied on a procurement, lease or rental basis. EP-MWTF Mobile Well Test Flare EP-MBDF Mobile Blow Down Flare EP-TMF Trailer Mounted Flare