Tubular heat exchanger

A heat exchanger is a device designed for the transfer of internal thermal energy between two or more fluids with different temperatures. Typically, these fluids are separated by a heat transfer surface to prevent mixing. Heat exchangers find applications across various industries, including process, power, petroleum, transportation, air-conditioning, refrigeration, cryogenic, heat recovery, alternate fuels, and more. Examples of heat exchangers encountered in daily life include automobile radiators, condensers, evaporators, air preheaters, and oil coolers. Heat exchangers can be classified in numerous ways based on their design and applications.