Citric Acid Monohydrate

Citric acid monohydrate HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2·H2O is a tricarboxylic acid with one water group is a colorless weak organic acid It occurs naturally in citrus fruits It is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties It maintains stability of active ingredients (preservative agent) Uses: Food and drink, as it is one of the stronger edible acids, it is used as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages Cleaning and chelating agent, as it is an excellent chelating agent, it used to remove and discourage the buildup of limescale from boilers and evaporators Industries: Household chemicals, Cosmetic industry, Adhesives, oils, greases, Horticulture, Food industry, Feed industry Properties: CAS number 5949-29-1 WE number 611-842-9 Chemical formula C6H8O7·H2O Molar mass 210,14 g/mol Customs tariff code 29181400 pH 1,7 (100 g/l) Melting / freezing point 153°C (1013 hPa) Relative density 1,665 g/cm3 @20°C Solubility in water 590 g/l @20°C

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Despite being a monohydrate salt (crystallized from clod water) the salt can also crystalize in hot water to become anhydrous (water-free). This property becomes possible as it has a high melting point of 156 degrees Celsius. This property along with the ability to bond with other metal ions to form complex molecules makes it a good chelating agent for several industrial applications. Some of these applications include the removal of limescale from evaporators and boilers.

Anhydrous citric acid has similar properties to citric acid monohydrate. The difference is the crystallization procedure. While the monohydrate citric acid is crystalized in cold water, the anhydrous forms are crystallized in water at a temperature of 78 degrees Celsius. In the process, it loses all the water within the crystals.